Contrary to popular belief, lasting depression is not a typical part of ageing. Although the symptoms are generally the same as those for major depressive disorder, depression in older adults, over the age of 65, may be associated with complications that are a part of ageing and may affect older people differently.
The Symptoms
Although people may experience differently and individual social, psychological, and biological factors may influence the manifestation of the illness, there is a general list of common symptoms associated with depression in older adults . However, there may be symptoms not listed here that are also signs of depression –
- Sadness or feelings of despair
- Unexplained or aggravated aches and pains
- Loss of interest in socializing or hobbies
- Weight loss or loss of appetite
- Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness
- Lack of motivation and energy
- Sleep disturbances (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, oversleeping, or daytime sleepiness)
- Loss of self-worth (worries about being a burden, feelings of worthlessness, or self-loathing)
- Slowed movement or speech
- Increased use of alcohol or other drugs
- Fixation on death or thoughts of suicide
- Memory problems
- Neglecting personal care (skipping meals, forgetting medicines, or neglecting personal hygiene)
Moreover, symptoms of depression can look different depending on cultural background. In some cultures, depression may be displayed as physical symptoms, such as aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems.
The Contributing Factors
Although there is no single cause of depression associated with any age group, complications, such as those listed below,that arise as a part of the ageing process may contribute to depression in older adults –
- Limited mobility
- Isolation
- Facing mortality
- Transitioning from work to retirement
- Financial hardships
- Prolonged substance abuse
- Deaths of friends and loved ones
- Widowhood or divorce
- Chronic medical conditions
Symptoms of depression can also occur as a side effect of many commonly prescribed drugs. While the mood-related side effects of prescription medication can affect anyone, older adults are more sensitive because, as we age, our bodies become less efficient at metabolizing and processing drugs.
How Is it Different from Depression in Younger Adults?
Primarily, geriatric depression can be differentiated from depression in younger adults, through how it impacts the individual. Depression in older adults is tied to a higher risk of cardiac diseases, death from illness, and a reduced ability to rehabilitate. Studies of nursing home patients with physical illnesses have shown that the presence of depression substantially increases the likelihood of death from those illnesses. Unfortunately, however, advancing age often comes along with the loss of social support systems due to the death of a spouse or siblings, retirement, or relocation. Because of changes in circumstances and the fact that older people are expected to slow down, doctors and family may miss the signs of depression. As a result, effective treatment often gets delayed, forcing many older people to struggle unnecessarily with depression.
For these reasons, but not limited to them, it is important to make sure that an older adult is able to access proper support, evaluation, and treatment, even if the depression is considered mild. Be mindful of signs and symptoms in your loved ones and remember that communication, although it may be uncomfortable, is key for increased likelihood of help-seeking.