Trigger warning: this article discusses a disorder and mentions suicidality.
We often find ourselves picking at the flaws in our appearance sometimes. However, for those with BDD, it goes beyond that. Constant agony about one’s defects or flaws in appearance is what the mental disorder of body dysmorphia consists of. An intense focus is placed upon one’s appearance. Feelings of shame and embarrassment overwhelms those with BDD so much to the point where they may avoid social situations. The flaws or defects they tend to observe in themselves are often invisible to others.
What is BDD?
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is commonly observed in teenagers and young adults, but it affects all ages and genders. Oftentimes, in men, BDD may come in a form of worrying about one’s muscular build.
Common features that people with BDD focus on include facial features such as the nose and the skin, which includes acne, moles, scars, muscles, and hair – including facial and bodily hair.
BDD normally entails a person worrying about a specific bodily area. This includes constant comparison to others as well as looking at themselves a lot in mirrors or avoiding mirrors altogether. They are known to go to great lengths in attempt to conceal said “flaws”. This can be by using makeup or it can also go to the length of undergoing cosmetic procedures. They frequently seek reassurance from others on their appearance. BDD patients believe that they have a defect that makes them ugly or deformed.
Body dysmorphia does not get better on its own. It can lead to other disorders and mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and even suicidal behaviors and thoughts. In some cases, they can also lead to the development of an eating disorder.
A Subtype of BDD: Muscle Dysmorphia
Being too healthy can be unhealthy! Confusing as it may sound, obsessing over health and portion control falls under the category of a symptom of muscle dysmorphia disorder.
Muscle dysmorphia is common amongst men but can affect both genders. It is often difficult to detect as it can be perceived as a commitment to health. In addition to common BDD symptoms, muscle dysmorphia also includes excessive exercise such as weightlifting for countless hours a day, a fixation on caloric intake, adhering to rigid meal schedules, and avoiding restaurants due to the lack of control over food options. It also includes wearing many layers of clothing to appear bigger.
Causes
Much like any other psychological disorder, it is hard to determine the exact cause of disorders due to the multitude of factors in play. However, some common associations include genetics. You are more likely to have BDD if a family member suffers from it. A chemical imbalance in the brain is one of the main justifications given to the development of BDD. A traumatic experience in which one was bullied or abused also makes one more likely to develop the disorder.
Ways to Help Someone who Suffers with BDD
The primary thing to do is educate yourself about the disorder. Despite the fact that the flaw may be unnoticeable, do not to minimize their pain but be empathetic and understanding. Support them by listening without judgement and reassure them. Meditation may be helpful a practice in reducing symptoms thus it is important to encourage it.